Stage 4 Melanoma: Key Signs, Symptoms, and Self-Exam Tips

Tumor matting
Tumor size
Tumor ulceration
Self-exam
FAQ — Stage 4 Melanoma

A noticeable change in a mole or normal skin may be the first sign that melanoma has progressed. Stage 4 melanoma is diagnosed by examining the primary tumor, nearby lymph nodes, and whether the cancer has spread to other organs.

Tumor matting

This characteristic of stage 4 melanoma is easier to feel than to see. When melanoma spreads to nearby lymph nodes, the nodes may become matted — joined together — and feel lumpy and firm. A physician is usually the first to identify this feature.

Tumor size

Tumor size is not always the best indicator of stage. Stage 4 melanoma tumors are usually thicker (over 4 mm), but metastasis to distant lymph nodes or organs may occur regardless of size. Treatment may shrink the tumor, but cancer can still spread.

Tumor ulceration

Some skin tumors develop ulceration — a break in the skin. Ulcerated melanomas are associated with lower survival rates according to the American Cancer Society.

Self-exam (ABCDEs)

Use the ABCDE method to check for melanoma at home:

Feature	What to look for
Asymmetry	Mole is uneven or irregular in shape
Border	Irregular or poorly defined edges
Color	Variation of colors across the mole
Diameter	Usually larger than a pencil eraser
Evolving	Changes in size, shape, or color over time

Consult your physician if you notice new or changing moles or lesions, especially if you have a history of melanoma.

FAQ — Stage 4 Melanoma

Q1: What is tumor matting?
A: Tumor matting occurs when melanoma spreads to nearby lymph nodes, causing them to join together and feel firm or lumpy.

Q2: Does tumor size always indicate severity?
A: Not necessarily. Even smaller tumors can metastasize, so size alone is not a definitive indicator of stage 4 melanoma.

Q3: How do I perform a self-exam?
A: Follow the ABCDE method (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving) to check moles and skin changes regularly.

Resourse: Healthline — Cancer Resources