Melanoma Awareness: 5 Common Myths About Skin Cancer You Should Know

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May is Melanoma Awareness Month. Although melanoma accounts for only 4–5% of skin cancer cases, it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Early detection and treatment are key, making awareness and prevention essential.

Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main cause of melanoma. Protect yourself by limiting sun exposure during peak hours, wearing sun-protective clothing, and applying sunscreen. Watch for changes in moles or other skin marks as early signs of melanoma.

For general skin health tips and cancer prevention, see our article on cancer awareness campaigns.

Common Myths about Melanoma

Myth Reality
Diagnosis of melanoma means only weeks to live Stage 1 melanomas (<1mm thick) often have an excellent prognosis and are frequently cured with surgery.
No difference between SPF 30 and SPF 100 Higher SPF provides longer protection. SPF 30 protects for ~300 minutes; SPF 100 for ~1000 minutes, but reapplication is needed during activity.
Cloudy days don’t require sunscreen Up to 80% of UV rays penetrate clouds. Daily sunscreen use is recommended, especially on exposed areas like the face.
Low vitamin D requires sun exposure Vitamin D can be obtained through diet and supplements. Sun is not necessary for adequate levels.
Dark skin prevents melanoma Melanoma is rarer but still possible in darker skin. Monthly checks of hands and feet are recommended.

FAQ — Melanoma

Q1: Can melanoma be prevented?
A: Yes, by limiting UV exposure, using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and monitoring skin changes.
Q2: What are early signs of melanoma?
A: Look for new or changing moles, irregular borders, multiple colors, or lesions that bleed or itch.
Q3: Is melanoma curable?
A: Early-stage melanoma is often curable with surgery, but advanced melanoma requires medical treatment.

Resourse: Dana-Farber Blog

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